Nestle Fruit Yogurt Company

Nestle Fruit Yogurt Company Abstract Nestle Fruit Yogurt is one of the famous product launched by Nestle all over the world. Most of the countries where Nestle has launched it, have accepted the product very well. This shows that product has potential and if marketed properly can do wonder by enhancing Financial statement profits for Nestle. Here we are making an analysis of UAE as Nestlà ©s future destination of launching Fruit Yogurt. In this study we are seeking financial, marketing and Resource planning of Nestlà ©s launching campaign in very first year. This analysis can help Nestle in making deciding whether to launch the product in Emirates and how to launch the product. Executive Summary A marketing plan usually provides a sound framework for development of marketing strategy for any product. There is a list of action items inclusive of objective, sales budget requirement, resource requirement etc. Its very relevant part of the total business plan. In our first submission, we had talked at length regarding cultural and economic analysis related to market and features of offered product. This project submission will be taking us forward from where we had left in the last assignment. Here, We will take closer look at the nuances of running a good business like understanding target market, designing suitable promotion strategy, having total overview of distribution marketing and production processes. The last part has explained in detail about the benefits of the Nestle Fruit Yogurt. It has also explained how it is suitable for UAE climate and how its launch in United Arab Emirates will make a new trend of having healthy snacks and lunch. We, in last part, also analyzed that the market condition of UAE and preference and desires of Emirates. Now, in this study, we are going to study how to market the product how will it work in the UAE.   We are going to analyze fully what will attract Emirates to our product. Traditional approach to look at any product that is based on marketing involves the understanding of: Financial data. Product data Sales and distribution data Advertising and sales promotion data We are going to approach this study in this traditional approach to make a detailed Market launch analysis of the product. (Yogurt) Marketing Plan Introduction Marketing Plan will analyze how to strategize the launch of Nestle fruit Yogurt in UAE. It will check out the advertisement, Promotion and Packaging plans for this new product. The detailed will work as the initial plan for the launch of the product in UAE and it will be subjected to change gradually as the sale will follow the expectation or will deviate from its initial plan. Marketing Objective Target Market Since Nestlà ©s fruit Yogurt will be totally new product in UAE and therefore is not well known. In our last submission, we had highlighted about specifically targeting the age group of 15-35.This was basically based on the consumption trend of this group. Expected Sales Sales objectives define the projected quantity of goods that can be sold. Hence it is very relevant for the success of businesses that realistic and achievable objectives should be set. We are expecting the total sale of 650 tonnages of Nestle fruit Yogurt in United Arab Emirates. Our expectation is very optimistic as it is nearly 60% of the total present market. Profit Expectation As we are planning to have 650 tonnages of sale in UAE, therefore we are expecting Nestle to have at least profit of 9% around on the product which comes in the range of 0.09 percent*650 tonnages *9463 AED per tonnage ~ 553,385 AED which is really decent as we can see that this is just a launch year. Promotion Mix Advertising Objective Main objective of advertisement is that it will be to drawing attention of the health conscious customers towards Nestle fruit Yogurt. Since the Nestle Fruit Yogurt belongs to premium segment where more stress will be provided to attract urban area customers who are willing to use something new. Actually if we start trying segmenting of the people of UAE, we can segregate UAE people into two major categories. One who usually prefers to have new products present in the market and these people are usually called experimenters. Other kind of category which tries to retain their own age-old family used brand which usually bar them from taking any new product. Seeing this, we need to make its Nestlà ©s image to look as fashionable and premium class. To make this image, we can try using some Hollywood star who can endorse our product and which is youth icon famous among Emirates.   Media Mix We are planning to use the media mix in such a way to approach every single people in Emirates to make them aware of this new product coming in the market. Since ours will be the first company launching this product on such a large scale in UAE therefore it can become a tough task to inform to educate consumers about health benefits and differentiation of our product from the entire existing product in the Emirate market. Hence we need to use below given promotion media mix: Kiosks Advertisement in magazines, television and newspapers. TV program. Banners Billboards. The way we are planning to make this promotion is to have it in various phases. Actually, In first phase, we are planning to have awareness program. Then in next phase we are planning to market the real product among the Emirates through use of hoarding, kiosks, banners and all the other media methods. Message Nestle Fruit Yogurt should be aiming to recognized as a healthy food product company. This company wants to be known as a firm which usually provides high quality health products. Idea will be to convey its young and premium image to the consumers. Message should be something similar to â€Å"Taste with Health!!!.. Try me!!†. Cost Advertisement TV Advertisement 40000 Newspaper Advertisement 20000 Kiosk Advertisement 10000 Magazine Advertisement 20000 Banners 10000 BillBoards 10000 Promotion 10000 Advertising Expense $ 120,000.00 Sales Promotion Objective The objective of sales promotion is usually to attract more and more consumer in the very first year. This will be done by the help of affordable micro packaging of size small as 100g. This will be the smallest container that should be available among the customer because tinier than this package can affect the brand image of Nestle which is the last thing Nestle company want to do. Premiums Premium is used in a way in order to associate our product with real use product needed by segment we are planning to target. Since here for Nestle fruit yogurt we are targeting premium segments youth who are really conscious about their health we can offer them some diet free sugar product. Coupon Other kind of consumer attraction tactics that usually comes when some new product is launched is the Coupon Tactics. Here with Nestle fruit yogurt we can plan to give some consumers who are winning lucky draw, a free gym coupon to some posh area gym. Cost Cost allotted with promotional strategy will be less only as company will be targeting more of awareness and less of sales. Therefore company will be stressing more on advertisement and less of promotion which appears from the budget itself which allots $10000 only for promotion activities. Personal Selling In the initial stage company is not planning to sell its product the personal selling as this will reduce the companys brand image which is really good considering the international brand image of Nestle. Other Promotional Method Promotional strategy which Nestle is planning is already mentioned. As of now, Nestle fruit Yogurt product will not be experimented using some strange and innovative promotional technique. May be it can work Nestle will not be taking risk in UAE market. Distribution from Origin to Destination Mode of Distribution Nestle like all of its dairy product will prefer roadways mode of transportation. It will distribute its product to the wholesalers and retailers through Nestle Van which will have freezing facility available with it. Products are of lesser expiry date therefore it will be preferable for Nestle to have its own distribution system to avoid delayed delivery. Packaging Marking and Labeling Regulations Usually, on any package, many kinds of labels are used. Many may include product certifications and trademarks and the food authority approvals. In order to utilize full use of packaging, it is suggestible to publicize the health benefits related with Nestle fruit Yogurt through labeling. Containerization To avoid piracy and ease operational requirement company should always use bar codes, identification and RFID numbers. This should be done for trouble-free shipment tracking of the goods. Another related important aspect which needs to be considered is the container standards. It should be of international standard. Costs Packaging use a significant portion of total cost related with a product. For example, in Dairy Product industry, packaging cost may be as high as 30% of total cost. Whatever be the case company should try to reduce this cost as much as possible. Following international standard of hygiene and maintain a premium quality forces price to increase to go beyond the limits. Therefore company should try to use some beneficial strategy to reduce the packaging cost to be as low as 10% of the product in long term. Price Determination Transportation Cost It will be there as always but usually depends who is going to bear this charge company, wholesaler or retailer. Here it will be borne totally by wholesaler only. Wholesaler will need something in order to take this cost and keep making profit. Therefore company is giving hefty commission to the wholesalers @ 13.5 %. Handling Expenses Handling expense for making the product to reach on board to fulfill the requirement of FOB will be borne by company itself. This cost will be included in other miscellaneous cost. Whole and Retail Mark Up and Discounts Product Cost Percentage of Cost Fruit Yogurt Cost(650 ton) $   1,100,000.00 72.7% Packaging Cost $ 110,000.00 7.3% Selling Expense $ 85,000.00 5.6% Advertising Expense $ 120,000.00 7.9% Distribution Expense $ 93,000.00 6.1% Misc Expense $ 5,000.00 0.3% $   1,513,000.00 Selling price(Profit Margin 8.7%) $   1,644,631.00 Final Price AED price Product Cost $ 1,513,000.00 AED 5,555,736.00 Selling price(Profit Margin 8.7%) $ 1,644,631.00 AED 6,039,085.03 Selling Quantity we are targeting (Ton) 650 Company Price Selling price per ton $ 2,530.20 AED   9,290.90 Selling price per Kg $2.53 AED 9.29 Selling price per 250g Pack $0.63 AED 2.32 Selling Price per 100g pack $ 0.025 AED 0.09 Wholesale Price (@13.5% WS Commission) Selling price per Kg $2.87 AED 10.55 Selling price per 250g Pack $0.72 AED 2.64 Selling Price per 100g pack $0.03 AED 0.11 Retail Price (@13% Retail Commission) Selling price per Kg $3.25 AED 11.92 Selling price per 250g Pack $0.81 AED 2.98 Selling Price per 100g pack $0.03 AED 0.12 (Statistics, 2003) Pro-formal financial Statement and Budget Introduction In this plan we are going to study detailed financials about the Nestle Yogurt Product. The product financial will include product costing and product pricing for the UAE market. Most of the pricing we are doing in $ terms and at last we are converting them in AED terms. Marketing Budget Advertisement/Promotion Expense Advertisement TV Advertisement $40,000.00 AED 146,880.00 Newspaper Advertisement $20,000.00 AED   73,440.00 Kiosk Advertisement $10,000.00 AED   36,720.00 Magazine Advertisement $20,000.00 AED   73,440.00 Banners $10,000.00 AED   36,720.00 BillBoards $10,000.00 AED   36,720.00 Promotion $10,000.00 AED   36,720.00 Advertising Expense $ 120,000.00 AED 440,640.00 Distribution Expense Distribution Cost Store Payroll $ 20,000.00 AED 73,440.00 Store Management $ 10,000.00 AED 36,720.00 Rent $ 10,000.00 AED 36,720.00 Utilities $ 10,000.00 AED 36,720.00 Depreciation $ 10,000.00 AED 36,720.00 Repair $ 20,000.00 AED 73,440.00 Maintenance $ 13,000.00 AED 47,736.00 Total Distribution Expense $ 93,000.00 AED 341,496.00 Product Cost Processing Milk to Yogurt cost Raw product Milk(600 ton) $800,000.00 Processing Variable Cost Sugar Stabilizers Fruit /Flavors Bacteria Culture Fuel Total $200,000.00 Processing Fixed Cost $100,000.00 Final Yogurt product(620 ton) $    1,100,000.00 Product Cost Percentage of Cost Fruit Yogurt Cost(650 ton) $   1,100,000.00 72.7% Packaging Cost $ 110,000.00 7.3% Selling Expense $ 85,000.00 5.6% Advertising Expense $ 120,000.00 7.9% Distribution Expense $ 93,000.00 6.1% Misc Expense $ 5,000.00 0.3% $   1,513,000.00 Selling price(Profit Margin 8.7%) $   1,644,631.00 Final Price AED price Product Cost $ 1,513,000.00 AED 5,555,736.00 Selling price(Profit Margin 8.7%) $ 1,644,631.00 AED 6,039,085.03 Selling Quantity we are targeting (Ton) 650 Company Price Selling price per ton $ 2,530.20 AED   9,290.90 Selling price per Kg $2.53 AED 9.29 Selling price per 250g Pack $0.63 AED 2.32 Selling Price per 100g pack $ 0.025 AED 0.09 Wholesale Price (@13.5% WS Commission) Selling price per Kg $2.87 AED 10.55 Selling price per 250g Pack $0.72 AED 2.64 Selling Price per 100g pack $0.03 AED 0.11 Retail Price (@13% Retail Commission) Selling price per Kg $3.25 AED 11.92 Selling price per 250g Pack $0.81 AED 2.98 Selling Price per 100g pack $0.03 AED 0.12 Other Cost Misc Expense $ 4,000.00 Pro forma annual profit and loss statement (Profit year) Profit And Loss Statement AED Income Revenue $   1,644,631.00 AED 6,039,085 Expense Cost of Goods Sold 800,000.00 AED 2,937,600 Processing Variable Expense 200,000.00 AED 734,400 Processing Fixed expense 100,000.00 AED 367,200 Packaging Cost $ 110,000.00 AED 403,920 Selling Expense $  85,000.00 AED 312,120 Advertising Expense $ 120,000.00 AED 440,640 Distribution Expense $  93,000.00 AED 341,496 Misc Expense $   5,000.00 AED   18,360 Total Expense 1,513,000.00 AED 5,555,736 EBIT $ 131,631.00 AED 483,349 Interest $  55,000.00 AED 201,960 EBT $  76,631.00 AED 281,389 Tax @ 20% $  15,326.20 AED   56,278 Net Income $  61,304.80 AED 225,111 (Ng, 2007) Resource Requirements Introduction Whatever is the marketing plan, until and unless you are not getting your Resource requirement fulfilled, you cannot start a business. This section, we will study about the way the company will be able to get its resources right. Finances Usually Company gets its finances from either debt or equity or through some stake acquisition by some other firm. It will be totally dependent on cost of capital of raising money from the market and cost of debt of raising money from debt. We are assuming to have overall cost of capital as 5%. The launching project will include total requirement of 1.1 million out of which company can plan to have 6 million as debt and 5 million as equity. Personnel Any firm while expanding or launching a new product will require some Personnel. The company should be ready with kind of skills portfolio which company will need for its operation. There can be many skills portfolios which company can look into while planning for the launch of new product like: HR personnel Marketing Personnel Finance Personnel Operation Personnel Sales Personnel Labors Machine specialists Distributor personnel Depending on the scale which we are launching, Companys requirement will be decided. For the 650 tonnages of requirement company will need as per follows: Marketing 60 Sales 600 Operations (including distribution and packaging) 1200 Finance 10 Human Resource 40 Information Technology 5 Production Capacity Production capacity should be planned as per companys aim of expanding in future. As per seeing Nestlà ©s trend of expansion plan in other countries, we can assume following as companys capacity requirement in future. First year 650 tonnages Second Year 900 tonnages Third Year 1050 tonnages Fourth Year 1200 tonnages Fifth Year 1400 tonnages Nestle should have production capacity accordingly. Conclusion As we can see from the analysis, we can conclude that the launch of Nestle Fruit Yogurt in United Arab Emirates will be a sure success. Estimated Income statement of very first year is showing Net Income of

Biomolecules Notes

Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins 3. 2. 1 Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds (2). Distinguish means to give the differences between two or more different items. ?Organic compounds are based on carbon and are found in living things. There are a number of exceptions including hydrogen carbonate (HCO3- ), carbon dioxide (CO2 )and Carbon monoxide (CO). ?Inorganic compounds are by default all the molecules other than those in the category above. Identify amino acids, glucose, ribose and fatty acids from diagrams showing their structure(2). Identify means to find an answer from a given number of possibilities. The following are examples of the most common organic molecules in living things: Monosaccharide sugars. These are the monomers from which larger polymer molecules are constructed. Molecules like glucose and fructose are metabolically active molecules usually stored in an inactive, insoluble polysaccharide form. ?Glucose: C6H12O6 this is a hexose sugar (six carbons) most commonly found in this ring structure. ?Glucose will be known to most students as a product of photosynthesis or the substrate molecule for respiration. Glucose is also found in a polymer as starch, glycogen or cellulose. ?All bonds are covalent. ?Glucose is a reducing sugar and will give positive (Brick red) precipitate in a Benedicts test. ?Glucose is metabolically active compound Glucose is soluble and has osmotic effects when in solution This is an alternative diagram of glucose where the carbons are assumed to be at each of the corners or end s of the lines (bonds). In this image the carbons are numbered so you can compare to the diagram above. Normally such numbers would be omitted form a diagram. These shorthand diagrams allow organic molecules to be drawn faster. There are examples further down the page of this type of diagram. ?Ribose: Pentose (5 carbon sugar). ?Ribose is part of one the important organic molecules in photosynthesis, ribulose bisphosphate. (RUBP) ? A modified version of ribose, deoxyribose is perhaps best known for its role in Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA where it forms part of the sugar phosphate backbone. The chemical properties of deoxyribose are very different from the properties of ribulose ? Both Ribose and Glucose will attract water molecules (hydrogen bonding ) to form solutions. Amino Acids: There are 20 common amino acids found in the protein structures of living things. Amino acids are monomers which combine to form the larger polypeptides. In turn polypeptides combine to form proteins. Proteins molecules are the basis of enzymes and many cellular and extra cellular components. ? This model shows the structure of the general amino acid. If you build one in a molecular kit you will appreciate better the 3D structure. Each of the common amino acids has the same structure as the one shown except that the R group is different. ?Amino acids are soluble ? This is an alternative way to draw the general amino acid structure. ?This diagram illustrates the ‘amino' group which is -NH2 ? There is also the acidic group -COOH which ionizes in solution to form an -COO-and H+groups ? This acid group is known as a carboxylic acid group. ? This is an illustration of the smalles t of the amino acids, Glycine. ?Notice that Glycine has an amino group, carboxylic acid group and a R group = H ? A common source of glycine is sugar cane. This image shows a common amino acids, Alanine ?Note the similarity in structure with glycine but this time the R group is -CH3 ? Students are not required to know the structure of all 20 common amino acids Fatty Acids: These molecules are the basis of triglycerides and many other types of lipid. These molecules are also the basis of the phospholipid molecules that form the bilayer of the cell membrane. ? The image shows a basic saturated (no double bonds) fatty acid. ?There is a methyl group (-CH3) at one end of the chain. Chain is the formed from a series of covalently bonded carbons saturated with hydrogens. ?The chain is non-polar and hydrophobic ?The carbonyl group is polar making this ends of the molecule hydrophilic. ? The complex diagram of the fatty acid can be abbreviated to this simpler diagram. ? This image show the unsaturated double bond which is characteristic of animal fats. ?If there are many double bonds the fatty acid is kn own as polyunsaturated. Micelle ?In water fatty acid molecules arrange themselves into spheres called micelles. The polar carbonyl groups on the outside in contact with water molecules. ?The non-polar tail sections are in the centre away from water. ?This is an important aspect of fat digestion and membrane structure. List three examples each of monosaccharide, disaccharides and polysaccharides (1) List means to Give a sequence of names or other brief answers with no explanation. State one function of glucose, lactose and glycogen in animals, and of fructose, sucrose and cellulose in plants(1) State means to give a specific name, value or other brief answer without explanation or calculation.

The Disappearance Of The Roanoke Island Colony - 1214 Words

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Furthermore, the majority of new facts and the strongest evidence support the assimilation theory as well. Other common theories have numerous flaws in their logic that make them highly improbable. It is because the only sign the colony left behind indicates assimilation, any new or outside evidence discovered also serves to further prove assimilation, and all other theories suffer major inaccuracies that assimilation is the most probable theory. The Lost Colony was the first of England’s â€Å"new world† colonies, meant to be both a permanent settlement and the location of a fortress. England’sShow MoreRelatedThe Mystery of the Lost Colony941 Words   |  4 PagesFor centuries the disappearance of the Roanoke colonists has been one of the great mysteries in the historical community. Within the span of three years, 120 colonists disappeared from an English colony on Roanoke Island, a small piece of land off the coast of North Carolina. 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Corruption And Its Effects On Society - 1551 Words

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It differs from country to country as it’s effects are varying on the basis of socio ­economic and political structure and the proportion of a nation’s growth. It makes a public or, private organisation untrustworthy and increase nullification negligence and in society. Corruption has been the problem belonging ever since from the human civilisation.Corruption is not a new phenomenon Bangladesh. It got heavily engaged with the administrative

Organizational Culture And Values On Strategic Leadership...

Organization’s Ethical and Value-Based Approach to Leadership Impact of the Organization’s Culture and Values on Strategic Leadership Organizational leadership and culture has been a major issue in today’s highly structured organizations. This has necessitated that organizations understand in depth the inter-relation between culture and organization on strategic leadership. Is it that the leadership determines culture or the culture determines leadership behaviors? While many argue that the leaders have absolute control and influence the direction of organizational culture, research actually shows that leaders themselves are greatly influenced by variables and situational setting in any organization, implying that it is valid to say that leadership itself receives significant influence from organizational culture (Waldner Weeks, 2006). Due to this, the effort to identify and understand how trends and traits making up organizational culture have been a priority amongst most organizations seeking to improve the effectiveness of strategic leadership. According to Schein (2004), the reason why such issues as culture and leadership is important stems from one of the critical factors, that is the fact that certain trends and traits are shared among a group hence forming a shared culture. Schein also explains other critical elements of culture such as structural stability. The definition of culture within an organization creates some sense of stability as it defines the identityShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Culture And Values On Strategic Leadership Essay4412 Words   |  18 PagesSTRATEGIC LEADERSHIP Name Institution Course Date Organization’s Ethical and Value-Based Approach to Leadership Impact of the Organization’s Culture and Values on Strategic Leadership Organizational leadership and culture has been a major issue in today’s highly structured organizations. This has necessitated that organizations understand in depth the inter-relation between culture and organization on strategic leadership. Is it that the leadership determines culture or the culture determinesRead MoreSignificance Of Strategic Value Within Organizations Success922 Words   |  4 Pagesorganization, the need of practical and strategic value holds a tremendous weight in organizations. In certain scenarios, improvement within organizations can be undesirable. 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To Write a Proper and Well-Constructed Resume Free Essays

Generally, a resume is a list of credentials that serves as an introduction to those who will hopefully employ a person for a particular job or position. To write a proper and well-constructed resume is often a rather daunting task, due to the need to thoroughly assess one’s personality, accomplishments and acquired skills. The act of composing and submitting a resume also requires a careful consideration of the company that might be one’s future employer. We will write a custom essay sample on To Write a Proper and Well-Constructed Resume or any similar topic only for you Order Now A person must know exactly what the company is looking for and if his/her qualifications meet the company’s overall needs. But writing the resume is but one crucial step in the process, yet it is the most important element which will eventually lead to a new job or position. A poorly written resume often results in a negative response from employers, yet a well-written and conceived resume can influence the employer or interviewer to ask about one’s strengths and the skills that a person can bring to a prospective employer. Even a person with little or no experience can find a good job is he/she is helped by a thoughtful and well-polished resume. In today’s modern world, employers do not have the time nor the patience to read lengthy and disorganized resumes, for in reality, they look for tightly-composed, straightforward and action-based resumes. Although a one-page resume is the normal type, a two-pager may be needed if the person seeking employment has extensive work experience or has changed careers and requires the proper space to relate their accomplishments and work experience. According to â€Å"Writing Resume Tips,† the following traits must be part of every successful resume-careful proofreading with attention paid to spelling, punctuation, grammar and style; all information must be organized in a logical fashion; all descriptions must be clear and to the point; simple and easy to read fonts are mandatory, such as New Times Roman, Palatino, Helvetica and Arial; if possible, the resume must be confined to one single page; always include as much work experience as possible, even if it does not relate directly to the job one is seeking; all information must be tailored to the job one is seeking, and lastly, if one is not sure on how to proceed with the writing of a resume, always seek out professional assistance, either at school or the local library (Jobweb, Internet). Of course, knowing exactly what to include in a resume is an art in itself, for everything depends on a person’s â€Å"individual career goals as well as one the professional goals of the companies hiring in (one’s) area or field of interest. † Thus, through â€Å"research, planning, questioning and self-reflection,† a person will be able to create a well-written and positively-viewed resume (â€Å"Your Resume: General Concerns,† Internet). There are three types of resumes that are currently being used by students fresh from the university and by professional persons seeking new positions or changing their careers. The first is called the reverse chronological resume in which the most recent job or position is listed first. This is the type of resume usually preferred by employers who have to read a large number of resumes and it is by far the most popular and widely circulated. However, this type of resume may not be the most effective means of highlighting one’s skills and accomplishments. A second type of resume is known as the functional resume which is generally used by those re-entering the workforce after many years or trying to change career fields. This type places the focus on achievements instead of the sequence of one’s work history as in the chronological resume. In the functional resume, a person’s experience is presented via general accomplishments and the skills developed over one’s entire working life. Also, the functional resume is organized quite differently. For example, the work experience section is divided in two with job duties and accomplishments making up one section; the second section contains the basic elements of one’s work history and comes after the accomplishments section which is often called â€Å"employment history,† due to being a chronological overview of former jobs and positions. In today’s technological age, there is now another type of resume known as the electronic resume which is cut and pasted in an email and transmitted as part of the email message. Generally, this type of resume contains no formatting-â€Å"Whatever was bold becomes regular type; underlining, italics, centering and justification disappear, and the resume ends up being transmitted in the font designed for emailing† (Eyler, Resumes for Success, 67). However, under exceptional circumstances, a person may opt to create a generic resume which contains no industry-specific information and is meant to appeal to a wide range of organizations and companies. For the most part, all of these type of resumes, with the exception of the electronic type, contain two important sections-first, the primary section, made up of an introduction, experience and education, and then the secondary section which may contain the objective, professional honors and awards, publications, computer skills, professional organizations, community activities, club memberships, volunteer positions, college work experience, military experience and some personal information such as supportive references (Eyler, Resumes for Success, 78). Obviously, the three most important elements of any well-organized resume are the introduction which gives the potential employer some basic background information on exactly which job or position is being sought, the experience section which details a person’s work history and the education section which highlights a person’s educational achievements at the high school, local community college and university levels. The experience section of a resume describes the work that a person has performed throughout his/her working life or career and thus appears first on the resume. However, if a person is changing careers, his/her work experience may be completely unrelated to the type of job or position being sought which makes the education section more important, thereby placing it before the experience section. Also, if a person has held a position in which certain degrees or related documents were required for employment, such as in law, medicine, engineering or management, the resume must begin with the education section. If a resume is begun with the work experience section, it should be in reverse chronological order, starting with the most current or recent employer. This section must also include accomplishments and duties via what type of work was done, what was achieved and how an employer benefited from one’s accomplishments on the job. Special consideration should be given to supervision, such as holding some type of management position in which one supervised or managed a number of people along with the specific title one held (Eyler, Resumes for Success, 95). Following the primary section, the resume then offers more information on various personal traits. With the objective, this statement refers to the type of position one is seeking, but often it is omitted, due to limiting the types of positions which may be offered to the prospective employee by the company or institution. When describing the job objective, it is a good idea to keep it extremely simple and direct and to make certain that it tells the employer what one wants to do within a company. Professional honors and awards can also be included in the objective, but only if they relate to the position being sought. For instance, a person applying as a manager in the automotive business might include awards from major automobile manufacturers or recognition for some type of innovative change. A person might also include any type of publishing credentials, especially those related to the position one is seeking. Since today’s world is so reliant on technology, it is a good idea to include a short description on one’s computer skills, particularly if the skills are related to programs essential to engineering or statistical management. Professional organizations can often play important roles, for they demonstrate â€Å"a sincere interest and commitment to one’s career and reflect real involvement in a person’s chosen field of specialty† (Eyler, Resumes for Success, 124). The same holds true for community activities, club memberships and voluntary activities outside of the work environment, and by mentioning them, it may be beneficial if the position one is seeking requires strong social skills, such as in management and personnel recruitment. For those seeking to change careers and recent university graduates, including college work experience on a resume can make all the difference, for the potential employer will see that the person seeking the job or position was highly interested as a student in a particular vocation, especially if there is an indication that the work experience was as an intern, meaning that it was unpaid and voluntary. Of course, military experience can often be highly influential, for some employers may be veterans or currently hold reserve status in the National Guard or Coast Guard. One final piece of advice has to do with mentioning memberships in organizations that indicate a person’s religion, such as Masonic lodges or fraternities, and political preference, such as a member of a political party. In the field of management, the narrative paragraph adds the finishing touch to most resumes and is designed to provide â€Å"key information about one’s abilities, including any advanced or specialized education, publishing credentials and speaking engagements, all of which usually greatly impressive prospective employers† (Eyler, Resumes for Success, 126). When composing the narrative, those seeking positions in management should try to include descriptive statements that pertain to one’s accomplishments, responsibilities and personal strengths. For example, a resume could mention that the prospective employee is an innovative and energetic leader, a skilled communicator and team builder; an accomplished expert at organizational repositioning and the development of strategic initiatives; an accomplished corporate strategist; has demonstrated leadership abilities to develop and implement solutions that improve sales and revenues; an expert at identifying and capturing business in high-growth market segments; accomplished at managing diverse groups, people and situations and an expert at human resources development, motivation and management. In conclusion, a resume is an extremely subjective document, and while its primary goal is to illustrate a potential employee’s strengths, accomplishments and capabilities, the exact way to present these traits depends on the interviewer/employer. However, a well-constructed and written resume will always be appreciated by potential employers, for it not only demonstrates a person’s organizational abilities but also illuminates one’s dedication and perseverance to the often agonizing pursuit of finding the right job or position. How to cite To Write a Proper and Well-Constructed Resume, Papers To Write a Proper and Well-Constructed Resume Free Essays Generally, a resume is a list of credentials that serves as an introduction to those who will hopefully employ a person for a particular job or position. To write a proper and well-constructed resume is often a rather daunting task, due to the need to thoroughly assess one’s personality, accomplishments and acquired skills. The act of composing and submitting a resume also requires a careful consideration of the company that might be one’s future employer. We will write a custom essay sample on To Write a Proper and Well-Constructed Resume or any similar topic only for you Order Now A person must know exactly what the company is looking for and if his/her qualifications meet the company’s overall needs. But writing the resume is but one crucial step in the process, yet it is the most important element which will eventually lead to a new job or position. A poorly written resume often results in a negative response from employers, yet a well-written and conceived resume can influence the employer or interviewer to ask about one’s strengths and the skills that a person can bring to a prospective employer. Even a person with little or no experience can find a good job is he/she is helped by a thoughtful and well-polished resume. In today’s modern world, employers do not have the time nor the patience to read lengthy and disorganized resumes, for in reality, they look for tightly-composed, straightforward and action-based resumes. Although a one-page resume is the normal type, a two-pager may be needed if the person seeking employment has extensive work experience or has changed careers and requires the proper space to relate their accomplishments and work experience. According to â€Å"Writing Resume Tips,† the following traits must be part of every successful resume-careful proofreading with attention paid to spelling, punctuation, grammar and style; all information must be organized in a logical fashion; all descriptions must be clear and to the point; simple and easy to read fonts are mandatory, such as New Times Roman, Palatino, Helvetica and Arial; if possible, the resume must be confined to one single page; always include as much work experience as possible, even if it does not relate directly to the job one is seeking; all information must be tailored to the job one is seeking, and lastly, if one is not sure on how to proceed with the writing of a resume, always seek out professional assistance, either at school or the local library (Jobweb, Internet). Of course, knowing exactly what to include in a resume is an art in itself, for everything depends on a person’s â€Å"individual career goals as well as one the professional goals of the companies hiring in (one’s) area or field of interest. † Thus, through â€Å"research, planning, questioning and self-reflection,† a person will be able to create a well-written and positively-viewed resume (â€Å"Your Resume: General Concerns,† Internet). There are three types of resumes that are currently being used by students fresh from the university and by professional persons seeking new positions or changing their careers. The first is called the reverse chronological resume in which the most recent job or position is listed first. This is the type of resume usually preferred by employers who have to read a large number of resumes and it is by far the most popular and widely circulated. However, this type of resume may not be the most effective means of highlighting one’s skills and accomplishments. A second type of resume is known as the functional resume which is generally used by those re-entering the workforce after many years or trying to change career fields. This type places the focus on achievements instead of the sequence of one’s work history as in the chronological resume. In the functional resume, a person’s experience is presented via general accomplishments and the skills developed over one’s entire working life. Also, the functional resume is organized quite differently. For example, the work experience section is divided in two with job duties and accomplishments making up one section; the second section contains the basic elements of one’s work history and comes after the accomplishments section which is often called â€Å"employment history,† due to being a chronological overview of former jobs and positions. In today’s technological age, there is now another type of resume known as the electronic resume which is cut and pasted in an email and transmitted as part of the email message. Generally, this type of resume contains no formatting-â€Å"Whatever was bold becomes regular type; underlining, italics, centering and justification disappear, and the resume ends up being transmitted in the font designed for emailing† (Eyler, Resumes for Success, 67). However, under exceptional circumstances, a person may opt to create a generic resume which contains no industry-specific information and is meant to appeal to a wide range of organizations and companies. For the most part, all of these type of resumes, with the exception of the electronic type, contain two important sections-first, the primary section, made up of an introduction, experience and education, and then the secondary section which may contain the objective, professional honors and awards, publications, computer skills, professional organizations, community activities, club memberships, volunteer positions, college work experience, military experience and some personal information such as supportive references (Eyler, Resumes for Success, 78). Obviously, the three most important elements of any well-organized resume are the introduction which gives the potential employer some basic background information on exactly which job or position is being sought, the experience section which details a person’s work history and the education section which highlights a person’s educational achievements at the high school, local community college and university levels. The experience section of a resume describes the work that a person has performed throughout his/her working life or career and thus appears first on the resume. However, if a person is changing careers, his/her work experience may be completely unrelated to the type of job or position being sought which makes the education section more important, thereby placing it before the experience section. Also, if a person has held a position in which certain degrees or related documents were required for employment, such as in law, medicine, engineering or management, the resume must begin with the education section. If a resume is begun with the work experience section, it should be in reverse chronological order, starting with the most current or recent employer. This section must also include accomplishments and duties via what type of work was done, what was achieved and how an employer benefited from one’s accomplishments on the job. Special consideration should be given to supervision, such as holding some type of management position in which one supervised or managed a number of people along with the specific title one held (Eyler, Resumes for Success, 95). Following the primary section, the resume then offers more information on various personal traits. With the objective, this statement refers to the type of position one is seeking, but often it is omitted, due to limiting the types of positions which may be offered to the prospective employee by the company or institution. When describing the job objective, it is a good idea to keep it extremely simple and direct and to make certain that it tells the employer what one wants to do within a company. Professional honors and awards can also be included in the objective, but only if they relate to the position being sought. For instance, a person applying as a manager in the automotive business might include awards from major automobile manufacturers or recognition for some type of innovative change. A person might also include any type of publishing credentials, especially those related to the position one is seeking. Since today’s world is so reliant on technology, it is a good idea to include a short description on one’s computer skills, particularly if the skills are related to programs essential to engineering or statistical management. Professional organizations can often play important roles, for they demonstrate â€Å"a sincere interest and commitment to one’s career and reflect real involvement in a person’s chosen field of specialty† (Eyler, Resumes for Success, 124). The same holds true for community activities, club memberships and voluntary activities outside of the work environment, and by mentioning them, it may be beneficial if the position one is seeking requires strong social skills, such as in management and personnel recruitment. For those seeking to change careers and recent university graduates, including college work experience on a resume can make all the difference, for the potential employer will see that the person seeking the job or position was highly interested as a student in a particular vocation, especially if there is an indication that the work experience was as an intern, meaning that it was unpaid and voluntary. Of course, military experience can often be highly influential, for some employers may be veterans or currently hold reserve status in the National Guard or Coast Guard. One final piece of advice has to do with mentioning memberships in organizations that indicate a person’s religion, such as Masonic lodges or fraternities, and political preference, such as a member of a political party. In the field of management, the narrative paragraph adds the finishing touch to most resumes and is designed to provide â€Å"key information about one’s abilities, including any advanced or specialized education, publishing credentials and speaking engagements, all of which usually greatly impressive prospective employers† (Eyler, Resumes for Success, 126). When composing the narrative, those seeking positions in management should try to include descriptive statements that pertain to one’s accomplishments, responsibilities and personal strengths. For example, a resume could mention that the prospective employee is an innovative and energetic leader, a skilled communicator and team builder; an accomplished expert at organizational repositioning and the development of strategic initiatives; an accomplished corporate strategist; has demonstrated leadership abilities to develop and implement solutions that improve sales and revenues; an expert at identifying and capturing business in high-growth market segments; accomplished at managing diverse groups, people and situations and an expert at human resources development, motivation and management. In conclusion, a resume is an extremely subjective document, and while its primary goal is to illustrate a potential employee’s strengths, accomplishments and capabilities, the exact way to present these traits depends on the interviewer/employer. However, a well-constructed and written resume will always be appreciated by potential employers, for it not only demonstrates a person’s organizational abilities but also illuminates one’s dedication and perseverance to the often agonizing pursuit of finding the right job or position. How to cite To Write a Proper and Well-Constructed Resume, Essay examples

Oseltamivir Clinical Effectiveness of Neuraminidase Inhibitors

Question: Write an essay on Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) for influenz? Answer: Clinical Use Oseltamivir or more popularly known as Tamiflu is an antiviral medication that works by blocking the actions of influenza virus A and B in the body. Oseltamivir is used for the treatment of influenza in people who are one year old or more. This medicine is not used for the treatment of common cold. The drug is administered orally and it readily gets absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after which it is converted from hepatic esterases to oseltamivir carboxylate [1]. Mode of action: The oseltamivir acts as an inhibitor of the neuraminidase enzyme which is expressed on the surface of the virus. This enzyme helps the virus by promoting its release from the infected cells to the respiratory tract. When oseltamivir inhibits this enzyme then virions are unable to move and remain attached to the membrane of the infected cells and also get entrapped in the respiratory secretions [2]. Alternative to Oseltamivir Zanamivir is used as an alternative to Oseltamivir for the treatment of influenza. Zanamivir is an inhaled drug and blocks the action of neuraminidase that helps the virus to spread from the infected cells to the healthy cells in the body. Hence this reduces the symptoms and duration of the influenza infection [3]. Both Zanamivir and oseltamivir have equal efficacy in the terms of reducing the symptoms of influenza. Both the medicines are prescribed to be given twice a day for five days. However oseltamivir is generally prescribed for the people at least of age 1 or older whereas Zanamivir is prescribed for people aging 7 years or more [4]. Oseltamivir has been found to be effective only against influenza A (H3N2) infection and is less effective against influenza B infection. It is also not much effective against H1NI viral infection whereas Zanamivir has been found to be effective against both influenza A and influenza B infection. Both the drugs are however have been found to be less effective against influenza A (H1N1) infection [5]. Both the drugs are neuraminidase inhibitors but the effectiveness of each drug is based upon the susceptibility of the influenza virus to the drug. Form researches it has been found that the influenza virus A and B are more susceptible to Oseltamivir than to Zanamivir. Moreover Zanamivir cannot be prescribed to a person who is allergic to milk protein or lactose. It should be avoided by pregnant woman or mothers giving breast feed to their child. It should also not be administered to person having heart or any kind of breathing problems such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary dis ease. People suffering from mental illness should not be given Zanamivir[6]. Side effects of oseltamivir: Although Oseltamivir is widely used for the treatment of influenza but it has several side effects. Nausea and vomiting are the most common side effects. Apart from this frequent mood swings is more prevailed among children that consist of confusion in understanding simple things, agitation and self-injuries. Allergic reaction is also one of the side effects which consist of itching, rashes and breathing problems. The rare symptoms that have been reported so far consist of abdominal cramps, extreme back or arm pain, bloating, discomfort in the chest, diarrhea often accompanied by blood discharge, drooling, swelling on the face, increase in the heart beat, hoarseness, frequent thirst, shortness of breath and sudden weight loss[7]. Side effects associated with Zanamivir consist of mild to severe allergies such as shortness of breath, facial swellings, swelling of throat and lips. More common side effects caused by Zanamivir consist of headache, dizziness, vomiting, fever, body pain and symptoms of cold such as sneezing, stuffy nose and sore throat. In some rare cases Zanamivir causesarticular rheumatism, hallucinations, loss of appetite and acute renal failure[8]. Oseltamivir is contraindicated in the patients having hypersensitivity to any of the components of the drug or to other food allergies such as allergy to lactose or milk proteins. The most adverse effect of this drug among adults is vomiting, headache, insomnia and nausea. Oseltamivir is strictly not prescribed for children below the age of 1 year old and the standardized dose of the drug is 3mg/Kg administered for five days. However vomiting, diarrhea and diaper rashes are common in effect among the children aging 1 year administered with oseltamivir[9]. The adult and adolescent dosage of Tamiflu is 75 mg twice daily taken for 5 days. If oral tablet cannot be swallowed by the patients, 12.5 ml of Tamiflu must be taken which delivers 75 mg of Tamiflu. For patient of two years to twelve years of age the dosage vary from 30 mg to 75 mg[10]. The dosage depends upon body weight. In case of babies less than 1 year of age ranging from 2 weeks to one year of age, 3mg/kg twice daily is the recommended dosage. If it is given in form of oral suspension, then it must be 0.5 ml/kg of the solution[11]. In case of renal impairments dosage adjustments are required where the creatinine clearance timing is 10-60 ml/min and patient suffering from end stage renal disease. If patient is receiving haemodialysis and continuous peritoneal dialysis it demands a dose adjustment. In case of patients who are suffering from end stage renal disease but not receiving any dialysis treatment, in such cases Tamiflu is not recommended. For patients of renal impairment having a creatinine clearance rate of 60-90 ml/min 75 mg of Tamiflu is recommended once daily. In case of 30-60 ml/min, 30 mg once daily is the recommended dosage. In case of 10-30 ml/min 30 mg is recommended at every alternate day. In case of end stage renal disease on haemodialysis and creatinine clearance of 10ml/min 30 mg of Tamiflu is recommended after every alternate haemodialysis cycle. In case of peritoneal dialysis patients where creatinine clearance is 10ml/min 30 mg of Tamiflu is recommended once a week immediately after the dialysis. In case of mild or moderate heaptic impairment no dosage adjustment is required[12]. Part 3 The stability of Tamiflu and different forms of formulations are based upon empirical studies carried out as US FDA guidelines. Tamiflu is available in tablet format at different concentrations such as 30 mg, 45 mg or 75 mg. It is also available in oral suspension form with a concentration of 6 mg per ml. If the oral suspension is constituted, then this must be used within 17 days of preparation and within 10 days if it is stored under refrigerated condition. In case of emergency compounded suspension, the suspension must be kept under refrigeration for 5 weeks (35 days) at a temperature range of 2-8 degree centigrade. If it has to be kept at room temperature it can be kept for 5 days at 25 degree centigrade. All the storage conditions are based upon the stability studies carried out as per US FDA guidelines with glass and PET bottles. The oral suspensions can differ in dosages and can be made as per patient requirement. The simplicity and convenient dosing of Tamiflu make it the pre ferred one against other formulations. Patients are usually given dosage of 30 mg, 45 mg, 60 mg and 75 mg twice[13]. Part 4 From the above discussions it is evident Oseltamivir is the preferred medication against influenza virus as compared to other alternatives available to counteract influenza virus. The first reason behind preference of Oseltamivir against other medications is it has been approved by FDA and has been used during influenza season of 2014-2015 in USA. The FDA approval of Oseltamivir indicates its safety and efficacy are well studied before its clinical applications. Oseltamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor which can inhibit both influenza virus A and B which justifies its usage in clinical aspect. The rivalry class of drugs such as amantadine and rimantadine are also used against influenza virus, but the high level of resistance of viral organisms suggests Oseltamivir to be used as first line of choice against influenza virus. Although amantadine is well tolerated due to widespread resistance it is no more recommended by clinicians. The resistance is usually seen in 2-4 days of treatment evident from amino acid substitution in M2 proteins. Similarly with rimantadine the neurologic adverse effects are less, yet it is not recommended clinically due to its well resistance by the organisms. Since Oseltamivir can be used for children under less than one year, and also for adults it is the preferred choice by clinicians. It reaches peak serum concentration by 1 hour. Similarly, it is excreted effectively i.e.99% active Oseltamivir carboxylate through renal pathway. Tamiflu is available in pill form as well as liquid dosage, making it preferred choice over other rivalry such as Zanamivir which is not indicated for COPD and asthma patients. Rapivab is taken intravenously limiting its self-use by the patients. Zanamivir is used for treatment in patients of 7 years or older and for prevention it can be used for 5 years older or more. Peramivir is used only for adults of 18 years age or older. These limitations of counterparts and alternatives of Tamiflu make it the preferred one against others. References 1. 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